Personalized gift military pilot. Part 2.

The game board backgammon decorated military aircraft, this aircraft photos, which flies the master backgammon. On the reverse side of the front surface of backgammon map of Kamchatka and the rightful owner of these places - Bruin Bear. Crowned map Kamchatka emblem navigation service as Congratulations - military aviation navigator. Any military pilot will assess the concern you have shown, by ordering it in advance, rather than buying such a hurry backgammon. Backgammon does not necessarily have to be expensive in cost. Many people spend a lot of money, buy insanely expensive backgammon, which are not always justified, do not bring this excitement as backgammon with an elaborate inscription or backgammon with photos. Of course, dear backgammon can and should buy, and we can manufacture for you expensive inlaid backgammon, but doubly pleasant surprise and will watch over the nominal gift, intended to expensive pilot. Besides expensive exclusive backgammon, to please the person and can be simple, but original and memorable backgammon. As such, for example, it should be fine made in a single copy, or released a very limited edition of the author's backgammon.

Personalized gift military pilot. Part 1.

Gifts loved by all. With this statement, confirmed the practice for a long time no one disputes, and on the other hand everyone was convinced of it personally. To find a person who does not give away, and did not receive presents difficult. Some longer like to receive gifts, but most have long understood that the process of donation and gift of choice is not less exciting than getting, and it is a great pleasure giver. Especially nice when your gift or souvenir liked its recipient, it was exactly the thing he wanted, if you managed to guess the desire of a loved one, which actually meant the gift. This is easily done if the gift he talks about how much attention you have shown by choosing it. For example, these backgammon for military pilot from Kamchatka. Battle friends decided to buy a backgammon his colleague. If we look at the front surface of backgammon, the effect will be as if you are in the cockpit of a military aircraft AN-30. Our masters are exactly repeated contours of the canopy (light - so called from the pilots frame, which is inserted cockpit glazing). From the cockpit, we see the volcano eruption. Eruption - frequent enough phenomenon in Kamchatka, so the volcano is also reflected in the decoration of backgammon.

Backgammon with Palekh painting.

On the playing field, this model has been applied backgammon plot Palekh painting. Palekh miniature emerged in the small village Palekh of the Ivanovo region. Lacquered miniature tempera applied to products made of papier-mache. Thus can be painted chests, boxes, brooches, ashtrays and other household utensils. The novelty of our product is that for the first time the Eastern game of backgammon, our masters painted in Palekh style, which is especially in demand among fans of old Russian antiquity.

Backgammon with Armenian flags.

Backgammon decorated with a pattern of the walnut. The pattern surrounds the card. The map shows the flags of those countries that have been the man who designed these gift backgammon.

The game of backgammon has elements of science, art and sports. Part 2.

However, there is a danger that stupid at first glance, the course will be an excellent chance. A good backgammon player should be able to solve the mystery and such. Usually the calculation is carried out in several main, from the standpoint of playing backgammon directions. A good choice of directions is of great importance. It depends on the player's mastery of backgammon. The depth of the calculation may be more important than the overall assessment of the position. It featured backgammon game programming on computers. Increasing the range of calculation only one move (in cybernetics course each side is considered to be half way) can give an initial position in backgammon a new feature, a new assessment. And yet, the calculation is not always enhances or replaces understanding. And it is necessary for all of the templates is overcome by the power of imagination, imagination, ingenuity. Calculation facilitates backgammon player memory - knowledge of many standard, tested products, the ability to timely detect the threat, trap combination. However, the approval of the theory of the game of backgammon, as I said, should be checked carefully. Self-evident statements in checkers, as in nauke, unthinkable. You already know that there is still not possible to create a comprehensive algorithm for the game of backgammon, although a heuristic (the art of finding the truth) originated in ancient times. Now - about the connection with art. Backgammon perfectly develop associative imagination. Without this it is impossible to achieve higher skill. Without this it is impossible to become a real player in Backgammon. Without it, you can at best be a craftsman. When ponders and calculates moves involuntarily there are various associations with certain constructions, maneuvers, combination of ideas and even with images.

The game of backgammon has elements of science, art and sports. Part 1.

What is the relationship with the game of backgammon with science?In backgammon research methods are used. First of all - the analysis. It permeates the backgammon game from top to bottom. Without kropotlivo¬go, comprehensive analysis is impossible to talk seriously about the work. But exhaustive analysis very difficult and not always possible. Often there are items that generally are difficult to analyze. Here comes to the aid of evaluation positions. Compare it can be, perhaps, a medical work on the diagnosis. But if it will be given to install the correct .diagnoz., That is to correctly assess the position in the game of backgammon, then it will be easier to analyze. The game of backgammon in the evaluation of the position of the material taken into account the strength of both sides and their positions on the board. Learning to correctly assess the position is not easy. Here we need and rich experience, and knowledge, and intuition. Recently, a famous surgeon, Professor Roman Petrovich Zelenin (he masterfully plays backgammon) said that two of his patients, in spite of the rigorous research, could not manage to establish the diagnosis. And it depended on their lives. Only rich intuition helped him to emerge victorious in the struggle with the disease. Ucherny believes that in some way it helped backgammon! No wonder the game theory has found wide application in medicine. How can a person plays? Does backgammon players sorted out billions of options? Of course not! The man simply knows how much to discard automatically. After all, in life, there are very often millions of situations that do not even come to mind! Calculation of moves in the game of backgammon occurs exemplary scheme: go well - he will respond well. and so on. d. And what if the opponent elect another sequel? The number of options is growing dramatically. It was then, and need the ability to distinguish between "umnye moves from the" stupid ".

A careful study of the backgammon game is no less intelligent than chess. Part 2.

The theory of backgammon game - it is a set of analyzed variants. But to master the theory - it means to make the first step on the way to the creation of the game of backgammon. Analysis of backgammon is extremely complicated, and therefore all the conclusions of the theory must be carefully checked. Most cases when discarded the theory of options in the right hands becomes a formidable weapon, and, on the contrary, in the circuits of the game backgammon, which were considered excellent, unexpectedly reveals hidden flaws. In theory, backgammon games, this process takes place continuously. Note that in the science known periods when one or another theory became dogma. And only their rebuttal allowed to triumph again the creative beginning. Many are well mastered the theory, in practice, trying to reduce everything to a familiar pattern. This imitation of art resembles actor .poyuschego. the sound recording (and even someone else's!). Of course, you need to know the theory, but mainly in order to learn how to play the mother of a pony being backgammon and facilitate the search for a new one. Another ancient Chinese sage Confucius stated: .Uchenie without thinking is useless, but also dangerous exercises without thinking. Remember: what brings success in any particular position in the game of backgammon can be the cause of failure in another, even very close in spirit and build a position. Not realizing this, it is impossible to sort out the chaos of logic mazes that arise in the game of backgammon.

A careful study of the backgammon game is no less intelligent than chess. Part 1.

I was fortunate to meet many intelligent, educated people on the path of life. But how often my friends and acquaintances to know that I am fond of backgammon seriously, genuinely surprised. Why there is an disdain for backgammon? In my opinion, the fact there are two reasons. Most people, having learned very simple rules of this game, do not even know about the whole world of the sacraments of the game of backgammon, the subtle positional maneuvers, beautiful combinations and so on. D. The misconception about backgammon develops from a lack of information, and as a child. The second reason is perhaps interwoven with the first - most popular and attractive force of chess. Among the chess intellectual games do take almost the first place. But backgammon close to them. Author of books on famous French backgammon Felix Jean quipped: "If chess - king of games, the backgammon - his prime minister." Backgammon - addictive game created by the genius of peoples. Rules it worked out and polished over the centuries. Any game simulates certain situations in life. Is no exception and backgammon, in which it is necessary either to destroy or lock up enemy forces. The strict logic of the struggle does not binds fantasy backgammon! Simplicity is clearly misleading. Outstanding French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712¬1778) believed that, despite the extremely simple rules of backgammon are there to give birth to a genius! At first glance, backgammon equivalent. In fact, there is not a horse nor elephant nor rooks or queens, but identical in appearance, they nonetheless can be quite different: strong, active, delivers his opponent too much trouble, or weak, passive, whose role at the moment is not so weighty .. from one danger I want to warn from the outset. Seeing how coherent and rigorous logic of the game of backgammon, beginners often do not learn to think for themselves, but simply repeat options (that is, the chain moves). It may seem that everything is investigated in backgammon. Then the thought stops working, and eventually all the usual accepted as truth. Naturally, such an approach is detrimental. It is worth recalling the words of the French philosopher Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592): .Not imagine how you can be content with the knowledge gained from second-hand: although foreign knowledge may have something to teach, there are wise only in their own wisdom.

Caring about people - the main thing in the company ARTprom.

Once in the office ARTprom bell rang at the end of the agitated female voice:
- Help, heart broken!
- Girl, do we do backgammon, and other professionals looking for a hearty affairs.
From the conversation we learn that she had bought at a flea market in a gift favorite backgammon with large image of the heart on the playing field, and after two days of backgammon cracked just in the place where the heart is shown. Sellers, of course can not be found.
- But still, you have in the city, can not be repaired?
- I tried, but it guarantees that backgammon is not re-cracked in the same "heart" place no one gives.
We try to convince her that it's just a picture that does not mean anything, but to no avail. She believes that if the heart is not restored on the present, and the relationship with your loved one will come to an end.
- How much time do we have?
- Before the festival remained ten days.
- Running late. What to do?
- "We must have time" - intervenes in the conversation, Vadim, director ARTprom, "At stake is the reputation of the company and the destiny of man"
- Send backgammon plane.
- Thank you, already running.
The next day, backgammon examines carpenter guru Uncle Vasya.
"Unseasoned wood" - his response.
"Today such" fufel "fully in the global markets. Legally like backgammon in China and the flooding of Europe and America. Simply three new backgammon do than this stuff to fix "- boiled Uncle Vasya.
Explaining the situation, it is necessary to get into position, recall the reputation of the company. The next day a new backgammon shine varnish on the playing field flaunts a new heart, a heart giver initials.
- Do not burst now?
- Insult. I fully understand and backgammon playing field replaced from its qualitative forest.
We call girl:
- Shipment by DHL backgammon.
- Thank you, you saved me!
Along the way, we find out how to find out about us. It turns out a friend Anna (our companion) recently ordered our gift hunting backgammon with greeting inscription, Dad was satisfied.

        Besides backgammon with gift inscription, the company produces ARTprom backgammon with a portrait of human Congratulations, we will post on your backgammon any image, which only tells your imagination. All backgammon made only of high quality, valuable timber.

Gift backgammon with signs of the zodiac on the order.

Receiving gifts very nice. And to give? Double pleasure. Especially nice to give a nominal gift birthday dear. Backgammon made on your sketch, emphasizing the dignity of the human will to bestow his delight. For these happy moments are slow to work. Our masters will be happy to help you make a memorable gift. Gifts with the signs of the zodiac enjoy continued popularity. Sign Congratulations person will suffer and decorated initials, written in verse congratulations to the field would make a final touch to this festive item.

Backgammon with a pattern fantasy "Amazon".

Backgammon - fantasy depicting Amazons back to the ancient tradition. In Greek mythology - the warlike tribe of women who lived on the banks of Meotida (Sea of ​​Azov), or Asia Minor; they are not married, but to save his family, to give birth to men of neighboring tribes. Then the boys were killed or gave their fathers, and girls raised themselves above all teach them to ride a horse, throw a spear. In the heat of warlike Amazons and traveled to Athens. . At this time, the rules of the Athens Theseus, who had previously fought with Heracles and Amazons, defeated them and reward yourself married very brave of them - Antiope (Hippolyte option). And now Amazon pitched their camp near Athens. Theseus tried to defeat the army of militant horsewomen, fought with him and Antiope, who loved her husband dearly; Now the warrior, which she commanded before, were her enemies. In one of the fights of the spear stuck in the Antiope chest. Theseus bent over the body of his wife, the two armies stopped fighting. Together with hugs grief Athenians Amazons buried the young queen, and, sad returned to his native shores far Meotida. After long hikes Amazons did, we loved to play backgammon.
        It was believed that the Amazon comes from the Greek god Ares and Harmony. Their name comes from the name of supposedly burn to the girls left breast for easier gun ownership. Amazon worshiped Ares and Artemis, spending time in the battles. Amazon took part in many legendary battles. For example Amazon Pensifeleya helped the Trojans in the war and was killed Ahhilom. Amazons attributed the foundation of the city of Ephesus and the building where the famous temple in honor of Artemis. The myths about the Amazons and their struggle with the Olympic heroes reflected elements of matriarchy. Legend of the Amazons are widely known in all parts of the world, being either the birth of local traditions, or the spread of the Greek. Choose your backgammon with the image of the Amazons in the memory of ancient times.

Present chief - backgammon with the state symbols.

Solid stamp backgammon - gift for the boss. Backgammon decorated with old coat of arms of the Russian Empire. Description of the coat of arms on the playing surface of Backgammon: The gold board the black double-headed eagle, crowned by two imperial crowns, above which is the same, but the larger crown, out of which come fluttering ends of the ribbon of the Order of St. Andrew's. State eagle holds in its claws scepter and orb. On the eagle's breast is placed the coat of arms of Moscow: in red with gold edges St. shield. George in silver arms and a blue mantle, on a silver coated with gold-fringed crimson blanket, horse, striking gold with green wings dragon with his spear, and gold, with the eight-pointed cross on the top of the flagpole. The shield is crowned helmet Prince Alexander Nevsky. To outline black and gold. Around the shield chain of the Order of St. Andrew. Shield-bearer - Archangel Michael and Archangel Gabriel. Sen gold, crowned imperial crown, embroidered Russian eagles and lined with ermine. On the porch red inscription "GOD WITH US." Above the canopy occurs state banner, with the shaft, crowned eight-pointed cross. Gold banners on canvas depicts the average national emblem, but without the nine surrounding shields. The main shield is surrounded by the bottom nine shields with coats of arms holdings, crowned respective crowns. Above him six boards territorial coats of arms. Backgammon presented complete with crimson velvet cover with brushes. Also in the kit include a backgammon velvet bag for chips and cubes.

Exotic tourist souvenir according to your taste.

In our practice, it happened that the tourists who have visited the exotic country, for various reasons, were not able to choose the host country souvenir according to your taste. In this case, our souvenir shop comes to the rescue by creating useful in the home a souvenir, which carries the charm of the exotic country. Egyptian backgammon this is the case. On the playing surface backgammon suffered a deity worshiped by the Egyptians. Outside backgammon decorated with the image of the pyramids and the sphinx. Art of the Old Kingdom became a model for subsequent periods of the Egyptians: in their view, it was a time when he reigned the order established by the gods, once ruled the earth. Metropolitan city was Memphis. Architecture, as well as in more recent times, he played a major role. The buildings were built of stone (limestone); they are distinguished by strict geometrized form a grand scale. There were worked out the types of facilities that are used to this day (the pyramids, obelisks, pylons). Temples were decorated with powerful columns with capitals in the form of a blooming lotus and papyrus. The oldest form of the tomb was Mastaba. Later constructed huge funerary complexes, which included the royal tombs - pyramid surrounded by smaller pyramids of queens and nobles tombs and funerary temples (the Step Pyramid of Djoser, 28 BC, the architect Imhotep, "the great pyramid" (27-26 centuries... . BC) pharaohs Khufu (Cheops;.. architect Hemiun);... Khafre (Chephren) and Menkaure (Mycerinus) in Giza (see Article Pyramids of Egypt) Close towered as fearsome guardian, statue of the Great Sphinx of Egypt souvenir backgammon. - an original gift for travelers.

Slideshow wooden gift backgammon with portraits.

Gift of a man who loves his girlfriend, a car and a dog.

Katya, who bought these backgammon, wished to see on a playing field of your loved one, on the backgammon also have to be present favorite car Eugene - Nissan, and his favorite dog. We've combined everything so expensive future owner of backgammon in a collage and placed it on backgammon. The true ornament of this product became zakazchitsa itself, the image of which we have placed on the pocketed. Backgammon packed in a velvet pouch that is embroidered in golden letters the name of the owner.

The scientific approach to the game of backgammon. Part 7.

Still, I give in to passion. For example, if I have two moves ago was good to win, but something happened, bad dice fell, and I began to be ill. I'm just out of inertia continue in his brain to use pessimistic risk function, evaluating the position, which, of course, not to do. The program is also faster and faster switches realizes that things are not going so well as it really is, and the program is switched, for example, from pessimistic to optimistic risk function is switched much faster than I am. AR Here, perhaps, is even noted that the program for the game of backgammon, which implements these algorithms, but which are not matched numerical coefficients (when switched to what strategy is, in fact, static estimate the position, good or bad), this program It is not working. To make it work, it is necessary to teach the game. the game program Education happens when she plays with herself in a game of backgammon, then there is, in fact, fit the parameters so as to maximize the quality of the game, to maximize the probability of winning.
It is better, perhaps, to remember one more thing, which is just beginning to be integrated into the program for the game. In the classical theory Adelson-Belsky program for the game, when he thinks of the enemy is thinking the same way as for themselves. That is, in place of the enemy puts herself. Another technique that we used - to put on the enemy not place itself, but something else, something more complex, something stronger. Because we really have something crowd (it's a jargon - a crowd of players in backgammon), the crowd of objects to self. This applies, I repeat, in other discrete optimization problems. And you can always take the one in the lead in the game, as the imaginary enemy, you have a program, playing a game of backgammon, as the imaginary enemy takes a leader.
What else is possible? It's only started work in that direction, so that the program was trying until the game the enemy thinks, to start thinking of the enemy and the enemy was trying to pick their performance criteria. That is trying to present itself in place of the enemy, and if it is obtained, it is in place of the virtual opponent inserts itself with its coefficients. Here it would be a very interesting topic. But it is, as I said, just started, and say how it really applies to programs that I have not yet mogu.A.G. Well, I have left to wish you good luck in 2017. And if you win in backgammon, then come tell us how it was. BM Thank you!

The scientific approach to the game of backgammon. Part6.

The next step, about which I can not begin to say that. Still, there are situations when it is necessary to be optimistic in the game, is rare, but do happen. And, perhaps, not very often. What it is? This is where we are losing badly. That is, when the position is certainly not in our favor, we still lose. There is no option to lose too much. (A little distracted, in backgammon, there are different options for the loss, but as a rule, this speech does not go into the specific position.) When it comes to how to lose either one point or maybe still win, we it is necessary to build an optimistic risk function that takes into account the probability of getting us a good indication of cubes. Then these probabilities should be greatly increased. Why? Russian proverb is - drowning man clutches at straws. AG This is a strategy game? BM Oh sure. But how do we know how we are in the game - good or bad? For example, in the same static position estimate, secondly, by dynamic evaluation position in the game, taken with some simple function of risk. All of this leads to a dynamic selection of the risk function. About choosing how we are, win, loss, or in the middle, we thereby dynamically build the risk function. For example, when a priori position approximately equal to, the risk that the function is really a little bit decreases. That is, it looks like a linear function, a constant which is between minus one and plus units lose anything, starting with the unit value to about one second. About a function of risk, decreasing, a little pessimistic, consistent with what - will go rain or rain will not go - we'll take an umbrella.If we deliberately lose, risk function is greatly increased. If we win very much, we must be sverhpessimistami and a very poor prognosis in the game suggests is far more likely. And the risk of function will become sverhpessimista function. And depending on this preliminary calculation, preliminary generation, we build a dynamic risk function.The fact that I have described examples is specific implementations, statistical estimates of positions, when it should give an advantage, should give the pros. But how often these examples are shown in the game - I find it difficult to say .A.G. You do win in their program? BM Play. This, incidentally, is an interesting question, well, he arose, it would be bad if he did not appear. I'm in the game of backgammon expert, but, of course, relatively speaking, not GM. Although, maybe my skills in backgammon and higher than was my expertise in chess, when I was still playing - a candidate master. That's an interesting point here - why do I lose? I'm still a man, and sometimes give in to passion, although, of course, do not go to the casino. And here in the game depends on me, on my intelligence.

The scientific approach to the game of backgammon. Part 5.

The non-deterministic same games appear more the factor that we do not know exactly how the rest of the game in the future, that is, the game does not affect some of our best reasons. It is a testimony of cubes (when we can not predict what will fall out in advance), or some other random factors. In our case, these random factors, namely the testimony of cubes - a finite number of options, a few combinations. We review each combination in the game and see how the game will develop if we dropped something such glasses or other glasses, for each combination that ... AG. But this increases the number of variations in the progression ... AR. Yes, there appear more ... BM. And not only increase the number of variants of the game, moreover, it is not clear what is to use algorithms, and algorithms exist for this (I'm going back to Berliner) different approaches.The first approach - it's just a random simulation of several branches of the position, more precisely - the development of the game thread. This is one version of the program. But it's been a long time, it is the first program to play, dated about 80 mi, maybe 90 meters a year, but not later. And after that all the programs - everything, I do not know of any exceptions among the good programs for games, except ours - are written in so-called neural network technology.And then at the same time I became myself an expert in the game of backgammon. I realized that the kind of backgammon games, no less than the left and right brain is used, then there are some things quite impossible to explain - why one item in the game is better than another, that is only possible, as I jokingly say, right hemisphere explanation. But now, it may be wise to go to what is the right hemisphere algoritmizuetsya work, and that is reflected in the programs and games, and other tasks deskretnoy optimization - a dynamic assessment of the position, even better, use a dynamically generated risk functions. About static evaluation of the game, I have already spoken briefly. In nondeterministic games, thanks to this indeterminacy, we do not know exactly what we would get, and we sort out all sorts of random outcomes. We fell testimony cubes are something we get such a forecast, the next - the next forecast. So, we have for each outcome of a random event, we have some fun collection, some built of static estimates. And on this we selected different types of risk functions. Already here we have almost come close to "Geli-Fishu". If we now win it (I repeat, our Russian version) somewhere 55 percent, maybe a little more, then we lost the same amount. But that was good. Winning at decreasing the risk functions. Decreasing - it means that we have at least a little, but the pessimists.

The scientific approach to the game of backgammon. Part 4.

But let's say, to finish this topic, about the difference between Soviet and European backgammon. I correspond with different players, including successful in international competitions. And I had the impression that in recent years the situation in the same programs, exposed on the Internet, a little different than it was 3-4 years ago. There are basically exposed the program, where the game of backgammon for money is well developed. Well and, accordingly, sites that played the smartest people in the world (I am not kidding, so you can really define intelligence) - these sites are gradually closed, and there are sites where you can play a game of backgammon for money. There, too, there is the doubling cube, then there is the game of backgammon, backgammon related to the European rather than the Soviet backgammon ... AG Still, returning to your program where you have the confidence that it can become a champion? BM Yes, this idea should be to develop a more precise. We are in our Soviet version of backgammon beat everyone who was with us. Moreover, I would send to everyone and continue to send a demo version of the game of backgammon, which is played by the so-called "fish-Geli." And we beat, and beat a couple more programs. That is, we take a consistently greater than 55% points. If the same method is applicable to the European Backgammon, that is, add the cube, you win and everyone left, we just have not had time to do it. AG So. Now - what are the methods? BM Yes. But let's start from the other end: what is built on absolutely all the other gaming program, with very few exceptions, except maybe the very first program for the game? There was a Berliner ... Maybe you can tell about a Berliner? Alex Radionov: In any programs featured such a thing as an assessment of the position in the game, some estimators. What it is? At the end of the party already clearly see who won, who lost - on board, we can say that yes, indeed, a certain number of points won one player, and another, respectively, more. This can be seen at the end of the game. How to evaluate the position where we are still left in the game did not get? Here, as a rule, the program simulates the moves of opponents with a view to one side sought to increase their winnings, and the other side has sought to reduce the enemy win. That's minimax method, minimizing and maximizing goes from here. BM But this standard. It has no relation to nedeterminizmu.A.R. Yes. Here on the calculation of such alternations minimum and maximum score is obtained positions that have not yet finite, where it is not clear who and what won positions at some intermediate level, somewhere in the middle of the game. Thus the program can evaluate your situation and make the move, which guarantees her a prize or guarantee some minimum loss, ie, does not worsen the situation.

The scientific approach to the game of backgammon. Part 3.

Why am I so sure? Because the Soviet version of backgammon game - it is an easier option. AG For those who are familiar with the rules of the game backgammon, please tell me, in a nutshell, what distinguishes Europe from the Soviet backgammon backgammon. BM The most important difference - the fact that European rules added another cube, doubling cube. Doubling dice, Dice of doubling, in my opinion, is called. His sense that's what. Cube to play backgammon first lies on the Ones and at any point in the game any of the participants can turn it into two. And the other - or just give up, or any future outcome of the game of backgammon doubles. At the same time the one who doubles, no longer is the host cube. If at the beginning of the cube is the common, the double cube is on the side of the one agreed - not the one who proposed to double, and the one agreed. And further, the game can backgammon quadrupling and so forth.
And at first, when I was first introduced to this rule (it was 5 years ago, when the Internet became widely available), then my first reaction was sharply negative, I even such examples are cited: plays, such as "Real Madrid" with "Barcelona "runs the judge and puts on a football field with a huge cube two. And "Barcelona" team players either agree, or run away from the field. But then I gradually realized that the analogy is still not so good, and did not even stand up to scrutiny. This innovation is very much in a good way, complicates the game of backgammon, that is different fineness, different nuances of the game of backgammon gives. That's the main difference.

The scientific approach to the game of backgammon. Part 2.

I recently came across a book Ghica, recently released, about different games, which carried the idea with which absolutely can not accept. It says that the strong players are doing almost the same moves in difficult positions when they know the position, known as the fallen blocks. And so lots of strong players in winning the one who better come cubes. Of course, it is. Better come cubes - this is very important, much more important than in chess, where there are no dice. But, however, the same strong players in similar positions do different moves, this shows the style chess. And players of backgammon, also make different moves - also depending on the style. And not without reason on the websites on the Internet exposed the party best backgammon players in the world and, in particular, their game with the computers.
So, the main course, the theme - it is the programming of games, and I will return to the programming of the game of backgammon. On the Internet you can find a different program to play backgammon. And, in particular, they can be installed in all levels, rather than "level of the game" and "play option", which coincides with the Russian version with a more simplified is backgammon. But, unfortunately, we do not yet play a program only in our domestic version of the game of backgammon and, and, after the publication in the journal "Nature" two years ago, a great success almost did not happen from now on. We have not participated in the programming world championship game of backgammon in the summer of 2012 (although going to take part in the next championship 2014). Not participated for the reason that just do not have time - with absolutely the same ideas - bring the game of backgammon software to the world level. That is, to an international standard, a somewhat more complicated. But I'm sitting here, I promise that I will do it in 2014.

The scientific approach to the game of backgammon. Part 1.

Participants:Boris Melnikov Feliksovich- Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor.Radionov Alexei Nikolayevich Candidate of Technical Sciences.
Boris Melnikov:It was believed that the game of backgammon gambling, they were forbidden to play. I even remember such poluanekdoticheskie cases where a game of cards or backgammon could be evicted from the hostel. Yes, the game of backgammon had similar claims. Alexander Gordon: Of course ... Backgammon is really seen as a gamble. Which, of course, is not correct. Because for a good game, too, need to have intelligence. AG You are talking about the so-called backgammon? BM Oh sure. Let's also talk about this. I later met with undeserved backgammon. In chess, I was already a great expert for his age, but about the backgammon learned of the publication in the "Nature" - I was about 14 years old. There was a publication about backgammon in the mid 80s. And there were two common versions of backgammon - long and short. And I'm fast enough, though was young enough, I realized that the so-called "long" backgammon - this game is not very intelligent. That is, simply drag and drop the chips on the game, depending on the indications cube. Intelligence is sometimes had to be used, but, according to my calculations, in the long backgammon, that from a novice to get a man who plays on a par with the champion, maybe three minutes, a little like in the noughts and crosses on the board of three by three, but the day - enough. That, of course, is not true of backgammon. And, moreover, the expansion of the game, the international version, which added a few rules, a few complications that make this game much more interesting.
The main thing - it's like a drop cubes. We have to make your move, not knowing how to fall out cubes. However, despite this, we can play the way that we play better than a beginner, it is better than the man who played a month or two. Well, eventually, become quite a strong player - just like in chess.

Backgammon with the image of the church and the village house, made to order.

On the front surface of the backgammon client wished to see the national emblem, on the other - the emblem of the construction company, which is headed by a man Congratulations. The emblem on the backgammon was embroidered with gold thread and decorated with rhinestones on the perimeter. On the surface of the playing surface of Backgammon, we were asked to place a rustic house with which endows men were associated with the most fond memories of childhood and village views, which surround the estate. In the second half of the playing field, we have placed the temple, the construction of which the master backgammon sacrificed their money. On pocketed backgammon resting himself hero of the occasion. On the cover of a backgammon embroidered initials Congratulations man.

Slideshow handmade backgammon with your photos on request.

What's New in the model range of backgammon ARTprom 2017.

What's New ? A natural question at a meeting with an old acquaintance. In the new model, which will be issued in 2017, we have experienced backgammon ARTprom thorough restyling, and now you can buy at - this new backgammon - almost nothing to do with the fact that released until 2012. However, something of the old backgammon inherited. This new external oak board backgammon, which perfectly withstand shock loads of gamblers and perform a decorative function, emphasizing of status backgammon. Backgammon became more - 60 centimeters in length, against the previous fifty. Now play backgammon has become much more convenient.New backgammon performed in a completely contemporary spirit. Now you can tell us what backgammon you would like to receive and we will satisfy taste of the most demanding customer. Inside, on the playing field, you can choose backgammon with a commemorative plaque, a coat, a landscape or a portrait of a man who intended backgammon.New backgammon became stronger due to the previous design, as well as tighter control of input materials. Another secret extra strength - galvanized metal brackets, which are attached parts backgammon in places invisible to the eye.Backgammon enthusiasts will delight not only in appearance, but also for the game. When throwing dice on the board Backgammon publish nice rich sound. The sides high enough to dice can not accidentally skip, and at the same time do not interfere with his fingers accustomed to glide across the field.Marco Polo discovered China for Europeans. Company ARTprom rediscovers backgammon fans of this game.